Friday, 14 February 2020

हाडफोर्ड भीआर (VR) नेपाली बजारमा ...

हाडफोर्ड भीआर नेपालमा बिक्री हुने सबैभन्दा पुरानो मध्यको एक लोकप्रिय डर्ट बाइक हो  नेपाली युवा माझ निकै चर्चामा रहेको यो मोटरसाइकल, बिगत २० वर्ष देखि इन्टरनेशनल मोटर्स प्रा लि ले बिक्रि गर्दै आएको छ । नेपाल बजारमा, आज पनि  डट बाइक भन्ने  साथ , सबै भन्दा पहिला हार्टफोर्ड भीआर को नाम आउने गर्छ 



हाडफोर्ड कम्पनीले नेपाली बजारमा बिक्री गर्दै आएकोभीआर १५० २२३’ गरि दुई भेरियन्टमा उपलब्ध गराएको १४९ २२३ सीसी क्षमताको ओएचसी स्ट्रोक इन्जिनमा उपलब्ध भीआरले अधिकतम १८. पीएस पावर प्रदान गर्नेछ भने यी दुबै भेरियन्टमा कार्बुरेटर इन्जिमा दिइएको यसमा स्पीड गियरबक्स दिइएको
१२ लिटरको इन्धन ट्याङ्की दिइएको बाइकलाई आरामदायी बनाउन कम्पनीले अगाडि डबल पेरिस्कोप पछाडि मोनोसक सस्पेन्सन दिएको बाइकमा १८ इन्चको ह्वील दिइएको
२१०० एमएम लम्बाई, ७७५ एमएम चौडाई १२१५ एमएम उचाई रहेको बाइकमा १३५० एमएमको ह्वीलबेस प्रदान गरिएको
इन्टरनेशनल मोटर्स प्रालिले बिक्री वितरण गर्दै आएको भीआर १५० को मूल्य लाख १० हजार रुपैयाँ तोकिएको भने भीआर २२३ को मूल्य लाख २५ हजार रुपैयाँ तोकिएको

इन्टरनेशनल मोटर्स प्रा लि को केन्द्रिय बिक्रि, पार्ट्स र वोर्कशोप कार्यलय काठमाडौँको कलंकीको रबिभवनमा रहेको छ । यस्तै गरि पोखरा, धरान, बुटवल, दमौली, बाग्लुंग, नारायणगड, झापा र देशको बिभिन्न ठाउँहरु मा डिलर  रहेको छ । इन्टरनेशनल मोटर्स प्रा. लि. ले हरेक मोटरसाइकलको खरिदमा १ थान डट हेल्मेट, १ थान लेगगार्ड र  एक वर्षको यातयात कर  निसुल्क उपलब्ध गराएको छ 

Tuesday, 23 April 2019

10 predictions for the global economy in 2019

The global economy started 2018 with strong, synchronized growth. But as the year progressed, momentum faded and growth trends diverged. The US economy accelerated, thanks to fiscal stimulus enacted early in the year, while the economies of the Eurozone, the UK, Japan and China began to weaken. These divergent trends will persist in 2019. IHS Markit predicts global growth will edge down from 3.2% in 2018 to 3.1% in 2019, and keep decelerating over the next few years.

One major risk in the coming year is the sharp drop-off in world trade growth, which fell from over 5% at the beginning of 2018 to nearly zero at the end. With anticipated escalation in trade conflicts, a contraction in world trade could drag down the global economy even more. At the same time, the combined effects of rising interest rates and surging equity and commodity market volatility mean that financial conditions worldwide are tightening. These risks point to the increasing vulnerability of the global economy to further shocks, and the rising probability of a recession in the next couple of years.

Our top 10 economic forecasts for 2019

1. The US economy will remain above trend
Based on estimates about sustainable growth in the labour force and productivity, we assess the trend, or potential, growth in the US economy to be around 2.0%. In 2018, US growth was well above trend at 2.9%, though the acceleration was almost entirely due to a large dose of fiscal stimulus in the form of tax cuts and spending increases. The impact of this stimulus will still be felt in 2019, but will diminish as the year progresses. As a result, we expect growth of 2.6% in 2019 - less than in 2018, but still above trend.

2. Europe’s expansion will slow even more
Eurozone growth peaked in the second half of 2017, and has declined steadily since then. IHS Markit predicts a further decline to 1.5% in 2019. Political uncertainty, including Brexit, challenges to Emmanuel Macron's government, and the winding down of Angela Merkel’s chancellorship, are contributing to a decline in business sentiment. Economic factors such as the tightening of credit conditions and heightened trade tensions are also driving the deceleration in growth.

3. Japan’s recovery will remain weak, and its economy will grow less than 1% in 2019
Japan’s economy is expected to expand by 0.8% in 2018, with this rate increasing only slightly in 2019 to 0.9%. The slowdown in China’s economy and the fallout from trade tensions between the US and China are drags on growth. Monetary policy will continue to be ultra-accommodative next year. The cyclical decline in Japan’s growth is occurring in an environment of very weak long-term growth. Adverse demographics - specifically a declining labour force - are not being offset by strong enough productivity growth. The “third arrow” of Abenomics, which was supposed to implement significant structural reforms and boost productivity, has been slow to materialize.

4. China’s economy will keep decelerating
The quarterly rate of Chinese growth has been steadily edging down since the beginning of 2017, hitting its lowest level in 10 years in the third quarter of 2018. On an annual basis, the pace of expansion has slowed from 6.9% in 2017 to 6.6% in 2018, and will fall further to 6.3% in 2019. In response to recent economic shocks - including the impact of US tariffs, which has so far been limited - policy-makers have unleashed a series of monetary and fiscal measures to help support growth and stabilize financial markets.
However, these measures are likely to remain modest. Credit growth will continue to be constrained by the massive debt overhang and the government’s commitment to deleveraging, at least in the medium to long term. On the other hand, the government’s stimulus efforts may well become more aggressive if trade tensions with the US (re)escalate and growth is seriously damaged.

5. Emerging market growth will decelerate to 4.6% in 2019
Some economies, including Brazil, India and Russia, experienced a mild pickup in growth in 2018, while others, such as Argentina, South Africa and Turkey, came under intense financial pressure and suffered recessions or near-recessions. Going forward, emerging markets face a number of headwinds, including slowing growth in advanced economies and in the pace of world trade; the strong US dollar; tightening financial conditions; and rising political uncertainty in countries such as Brazil and Mexico. A few countries will be able to buck these trends, especially dynamic economies with low levels of debt, notably in Asia.

6. Commodities markets could be in for another rollercoaster ride in 2019
Demand growth next year still looks strong enough to provide commodity markets with support, making the kind of price collapse seen during 2015 unlikely. However, volatility in commodity markets will continue in 2019, particularly in oil markets. We predict oil prices will rise a bit in the near term and average around $70.0 per barrel over the coming year, compared with an average $71.0 in 2018. That said, the risks to prices of oil and other commodities are predominantly on the downside, given slowing demand growth and rising supply. Despite volatility, we predict that by the end of 2019, prices will be little different from their current readings.

7. Global inflation rates will remain close to 3.0%
Most of the rise in consumer price inflation between 2015 and 2018 - from 2.0% to 3.0% - was due to a transition in the developed world from deflationary, or near deflationary, conditions to inflation rates that are close to central banks’ targets of 2.0%. Over the near term, we expect global inflation and developed economy inflation to remain close to 3.0% and 2.0%, respectively.
While there will be upward pressures in many economies as output gaps close and unemployment rates fall - in some cases to multi-decade lows - there are downward pressures as well. Outside the US, growth is weakening. Moreover, relative to 2018, commodity prices will be relatively flat on average in 2019. Finally, with the trade war in a “temporary truce”, the upward push from tariff increases will be on hold.

8. The Fed will raise rates, and a few other central banks may follow
With the world’s key economies at different points in the business cycle, it is not surprising that central banks are moving at different speeds and in different directions. However, given weaker growth and muted inflationary pressures, the pace of removing accommodation is likely to be even more modest than previously expected.
The US Federal Reserve is likely to raise rates three times in 2019. Other central banks, including the Bank of England (depending on the Brexit process), the Bank of Canada, and a few emerging market central banks - such as those in Brazil, India and Russia - may also raise rates.
The European Central Bank will not hike rates until early 2020. Similarly, we do not believe the Bank of Japan will end its negative interest rate policy until 2021. The People’s Bank of China is the one major central bank moving in the opposite direction; worried about growth, it is providing modest stimulus.

9. The US dollar will hold at current elevated levels for much of 2019
Continued above-trend US growth and more rate hikes by the Fed are the primary reasons for this anticipated strength. Given the recent relative calm in forex markets, especially relative to emerging market currencies, another big appreciation of the US dollar seems unlikely.
Nevertheless, the potential for volatility remains very high. Political uncertainty in Europe could be very negative for the euro and sterling; we expect that the euro/dollar rate will end 2019 at around $1.10, compared with $1.14 at the end of 2018. At the same time, we predict that the renminbi/dollar rate will hold fairly steady just below the psychological level of 7.0 - the result of the Chinese government’s desire for financial stability.

10. The risks of policy shocks have risen, but probably not enough to trigger a recession in 2019
Policy mistakes remain the biggest threats to global growth in 2019 and beyond. The simmering trade conflicts are dangerous, not because they have done damage so far - they haven’t - but because they could easily escalate and get out of control. In addition, rising budget deficits in the US, high debt levels in the US, Europe and Japan, and potential missteps by key central banks all pose threats to the global economy.
The good news is that the probability of such policy mistakes seriously hurting global growth in 2019 is still relatively low. However, IHS Markit believes that the risks of damage from policy mistakes will rise in 2020 and beyond, as growth slows further.

Tuesday, 9 April 2019

Why are Japanese losing interest in sex? A quarter of young adults have no experience

  • Researchers said ‘lack of sexual experience may be involuntary’, citing unstable job and income conditions among men

  • About a quarter of people aged 18 to 39 in 
    Japan
     were estimated to have had no experience of heterosexual intercourse as of 2015, a team of Japanese and Swedish researchers said on Monday.
    The findings, published in British medical journal BMC Public Health, said the percentage of people with no such experience rose from 20.0 per cent in 1992 to 25.8 per cent in 2015 among men, and from 21.7 per cent to 24.6 per cent among women, based on data from a fertility survey conducted by the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research.
    The researchers, from the University of Tokyo and Karolinska Institute, said the young people’s “lack of sexual experience may be involuntary”, citing unstable job and income conditions among men as potential reasons behind the trend.
  • Syphilis is booming in Japan – and the authorities don’t seem to know why

    The team found around 80 per cent of women and men aged 25 to 39 who reported no experience of 
    sex
     in a study said they wished to get married at some point in their life. The study only covered heterosexual experience, so there was no data on 
    same-sex
     experience, it said.
    “Further research is needed on the factors contributing to and the potential public health and demographic implications of the high proportion of the Japanese population that remains sexually inexperienced well into adult age,” the team said.

    Japanese magazine sorry for women’s university ‘sex rankings list’

  • Japan’s total fertility rate stood at 1.43 in 2017, among the lowest in the world, and the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research predicted the Japanese population will fall to 88 million in 2065 from the current 126 million.
    The proportion grew smaller with age, but among people aged 35 to 39, 9.5 per cent of men and 8.9 per cent of women had no experience, nearly doubling from 1992.
    Analysing 2010 data, the team also found that inexperience had a correlation with unemployment, temporary or part-time work and low income among men between 25 and 39 and the proportion jumped when their annual income fell below 3 million yen (US$27,000).

Sunday, 7 April 2019

17 of the Rarest Muscle Cars With Single Digit Production Numbers

There are many articles on the internet about rare muscle cars. It is a fascinating topic that has captivated every car enthusiast’s imagination for decades. But, most of those articles talk about Cobra Jet Mustangs, Yenko Camaros, Hemi Cudas or Shelby GT500s, which are rare beasts, but they still produced them in several hundred or more copies.
But, today, you will learn about something a bit different. These are the muscle cars with single digit production numbers. These are the ultimate rare finds of the muscle car world. In fact, they are so rare, most car enthusiasts are not sure they even existed. As you will see, most of the cars on this list are Hemi-powered models, but not all.
This is simply because the Hemi engine option was rare and expensive back in the day. It was available on a range of Plymouth and Dodge models, but some are rarer than others. So, keep reading to learn about these virtually unheard of vehicles.
  1. 1970 Chrysler 300 Hurst Convertible: One Example

Everybody knows about the legendary Chrysler 300 “Letter Cars.” This was a series of high-powered coupes and convertibles they built from 1955 to 1965. However, in 1970, they produced a special limited edition, the 300 Hurst. Chrysler built it in limited numbers at around 500 coupes with the help of the famous transmission company, Hurst. It featured a special white and gold paint job and similarly styled interior.
And better yet, they integrated a rear spoiler into the rear deck lid. Under the hood, there was the mighty 440 V8 engine that produced 395 HP. It could propel this two-ton beast to respectful acceleration times. But, for promotional purposes, Hurst only built one 300 Hurst Convertible. Most car fans believe it the rarest muscle car in the world.
  1. 1967 Shelby Super Snake: One Example

They built this unique Shelby GT500 as a rolling laboratory to showcase the possibilities of the Mustang platform, as well as for testing Goodyear’s “Thunderbolt” tire line. It had a Le Mans-winning GT 40 race engine and a special transmission, suspension, and tires. However, they only produced one example.
There were plans for a limited production run. But the proposed price was over $8,000, which was an enormous sum for the late ‘60s. And most Shelby fans think that’s too bad since the Super Snake was capable of a 170-mph top speed. That was unheard in the late ‘60s. However, it could have put the Mustang in place at the world’s fastest muscle car
  1. 1967 Ford Country Squire Wagon 428 4-Speed: One Example

Ford’s luxury 1966 Country Squire station wagon was the perfect example of a muscle car they disguised as a family long roof. To the average person, this car looked like a big old station wagon that could haul nine people and carry a lot of cargo. But to experienced enthusiasts, just one glance under the hood revealed the true nature of this car.For 1966 and 1967, Ford offered the 428 V8 engine as an option on its station wagon model lineup. However, this 428 V8 was not the famed Cobra Jet, but an engine from the Thunderbird, which they underrated at 345 HP. With over 460 lb-ft of torque, the Country Squire could go fast, despite its size and weight. But, they only built one of them with the four-speed manual.
  1. 1967 Dodge Coronet R/T Hemi Convertible: Two Examples

The 1967 Coronet with the R/T package is quite a find. In fact, the R/T stands for road and track. But, when you find one with the Hemi engine, you have struck gold. However, that is not all. In 1967, Dodge produced just two R/T Hemi Convertibles, one with a four-speed manual and the other with an automatic.
  1. 1970 Dodge Coronet R/T Hemi Convertible: Two Examples

It was a watershed year for the classic muscle car culture in 1970. Never before or since were there so many cars to choose from. Dodge was at the forefront of the movement with the Charger and Challenger. But, the Coronet wasn’t as popular, even though it had almost the same options and engine choices. In 1970, you could order a Coronet with the R/T package, which included the optional 426 Hemi and convertible body style. But apparently, just two customers did that, making those cars incredibly rare.
  1. 1966 Shelby Cobra Supercharged: Two Examples

What do you get when you put a big Paxton supercharger on top of a Ford 427 V8 engine and install it in the light and nimble Cobra body? In 1966, Carroll Shelby answered that question in the form of the fantastically rare Cobra with 800 HP he produced as a special project. They only made two cars, crashing and destroying one of them. However, the other one recently sold for a staggering $5.5 million.
  1. 1969 Chevrolet Corvette ZL-1: Two or Three Examples

The 1969 Corvette ZL1 was an experimental car with a special, all-aluminum 427 V8 engine Chevy designed for racing. But they didn’t advertise the car, so even the dealers didn’t know it was available. Only factory insiders and those well-informed of Chevrolet’s activities knew the ZL-1 even existed. Interestingly, Chevy only produced two examples, but rumor has it there was one more.
  1. 1970 Plymouth Roadrunner Hemi Convertible: Three Examples

The Roadrunner was always a popular muscle car. However, most Plymouth customers looked for standard models with 383 or 440 V8 engines, closed bodies, and no options. But, some wanted to option their Roadrunners to the max, and the 1970 Hemi Convertible is a perfect example. However, they only made three such cars that year. One came with a manual and two came with an automatic transmission.
  1. 1967 Chevrolet Corvette L88 Convertible: Three Examples

The second generation Corvette (C2) Chevy produced from 1963 to 1967 was one of the most beautiful and aggressive looking cars from the muscle car era. Despite the fact they introduced the big block 427 Corvette in 1966, they further refined it with four levels of power for the 1967 model year. The list started with the 390 HP 427 V8 and ended with the extremely rare, valuable and powerful L-88 427 V8.
Corvettes equipped with this engine were in a class by themselves. In fact, the aluminum head L-88 produced close to 600 HP. Also, it came with a mandatory heavy duty suspension, brakes, and handling package for racers. But, it was expensive, almost doubling the price of a base ’67 Corvette. And that is why it is one of the rarest with Chevy building 17 coupes and three convertibles.
  1. 1969 Hurst Oldsmobile 442 Convertible: Three Examples

One of the most successful collaborations between a major car company and a small aftermarket outfit was the deal between Hurst and Oldsmobile. At the time, Oldsmobile was under the GM ban, which forbade the company from putting engines larger than 400 CID in their intermediate cars. However, since Hurst was an independent company, the GM rules didn’t apply. So, Oldsmobile shipped some partially disassembled 442s to Hurst where they installed the biggest engine Oldsmobile had, which was the mighty 455 V8 that delivered 390 HP.
Of course, the Hurst Olds package also got numerous other performance upgrades, like a ram air induction system, heavy duty suspension and brakes. Since the Hurst Olds was a limited production factory hot rod, it was quite expensive and the convertible wasn’t available. But, in 1969, Hurst did produce three convertibles for promotional purposes only.
  1. 1970 Dodge Super Bee Hemi Two Door Coupe: Four Examples

The 1970 Dodge Super Bee had a great design and the best of corporate technology in the form of mighty Hemi engines. Most of the cars they produced were hardtops or convertibles, but Dodge offered a two-door pillared coupe, as well. This was the choice of serious street racing guys who wanted the lightest body with the most powerful engine. And that was exactly what the 1970 Super Bee two-door with the Hemi was. Dodge only made four of them, all with a manual transmission.
  1. 1966 Dodge Coronet Hemi Sedan: Five Examples

The Chrysler Corporation introduced its legendary 426 Hemi engine for 1966 as an option on selected Plymouth and Dodge models. But they also provide the iconic power plant on the Dodge Coronet as well, and technically, it could be ordered with any body style. However, buyers associated Hemi power with two-door coupes and convertibles, so most people didn’t realize they could have a Hemi in a sedan, or even in wagon form.That is why only a few people bought the Coronet De Luxe Hemi four-door in 1966, getting the ultimate muscle car sedan. With an advertised 425 HP under your right foot, the Coronet Hemi four-door was arguably the fastest production sedan in America and the ultimate muscle car four-door.
  1. 1966 Shelby GT350 Convertible: Six Examples

A large number of muscle car enthusiasts will tell you that the first model year for the Shelby Mustang convertible was 1968, but this is only partially true. In 1968, Shelby offered a convertible version to the general public as a regular production option. But they produced the first convertibles Carroll built himself in 1966 as a secret project.
At the end of the 1966 model year, Carroll Shelby decided to produce a limited and secret run of six GT350 convertibles to give to his family and friends. This car was a commemorative edition to celebrate the success of the GT350, as well as a prototype for the production of convertibles. Each car received full options like air conditioning and a roll bar. Also, each car was in a different color with its signature white racing stripes.
  1. 1971 Plymouth Hemi Cuda Convertible: Seven Examples

The mighty Hemi engine was an expensive, top of the line option for the 1970 and 1971 Barracuda lineup available in coupe or convertible form. It cost around $900 over the price of the standard Barracuda. But they only installed in approximately 600 coupes and 17 convertibles during its two year production period. However, for 1971, only seven Cuda Convertibles got the Hemi treatment, making them incredibly rare and desirable cars.
  1. 1969 Pontiac Firebird Trans Am Convertible: Eight Examples

In 1969, Pontiac wanted to present a model they could homologate for Trans Am racing. So, Pontiac made the Firebird Trans Am as a loaded version of the standard model. They equipped it with big block power from the famous 400 V8 engine and a Ram Air III or IV intake system.
This special version comes with its signature white paint, and blue stripes. The Rally II wheels and other equipment made it a tough sell, so they only sold 634 Firebird Trans Ams. And among those, only eight were convertibles.
  1. 1970 Dodge Challenger R/T Hemi Convertible: Nine Examples

Despite the fact that Plymouth presented the Barracuda as the first pony car model two weeks before the Ford Mustang, its stablemate, Dodge didn’t enter the segment until 1970. They immediately revealed the Challenger with the full firepower of Mopar engines. But, buyers could also get the powerful 383 V8, big 440 or the famous 426 Hemi, too.Since the Challenger was a true muscle car, the majority of sold examples were coupes, but the convertible was also available. In 1970, Dodge produced only nine convertible Challengers with the Hemi. And that makes this model one of the rarest, as well as the most powerful muscle car convertibles Dodge built in those golden years.
  1. 1968 Dodge Coronet Hemi Convertible: Nine Examples

A major redesign of the whole Dodge mid-size lineup, including its muscle offerings, happened in 1968. The Charger got its famous Coke-bottle shape and the Coronet got new sheet metal. But for those who wanted more out of their regular Coronet, Dodge prepared a nice-looking convertible and the 426 Hemi as an option. However, only nine people decided to purchase this fast and rare cruiser.